{
  "dataset": "Global Import-Export HS4 Profile Series (1995-2024)",
  "description": "Annual HS4 trade values and growth, with exporter/importer concentration indexes and volatility for each product category.",
  "coverage": "1995-2024 annual observations where available",
  "rowMeaning": "one year and one HS4 product category",
  "includes": [
    "Annual global trade value and growth",
    "Exporter and importer concentration indexes",
    "Trade volatility score"
  ],
  "metricDefinitions": [
    "HS4 is a four-digit Harmonized System product group.",
    "HHI summarizes concentration; higher values indicate activity is concentrated among fewer participants.",
    "Year-over-year growth compares a value with the previous year; a negative percentage indicates a decline.",
    "Fields marked USD are monetary values denominated in US dollars.",
    "Values ending in pct are percentages."
  ],
  "columns": [
    "year",
    "hs4",
    "global_trade_usd",
    "yoy_growth_pct",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi",
    "importer_concentration_hhi",
    "volatility_score"
  ],
  "columnTypes": {
    "year": "uint16",
    "hs4": "string",
    "global_trade_usd": "float64",
    "yoy_growth_pct": "float64",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": "float64",
    "importer_concentration_hhi": "float64",
    "volatility_score": "float64"
  },
  "rows": [
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": "0101",
      "global_trade_usd": 1231613559.8883595,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.2066413072097,
      "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2509.760047459127,
      "importer_concentration_hhi": 1473.1904906992872,
      "volatility_score": 11.077378402993954
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": "0102",
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      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.582924676428997,
      "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2876.5458426800346,
      "importer_concentration_hhi": 2713.250049281005,
      "volatility_score": 11.075584128308284
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": "0103",
      "global_trade_usd": 1264810436.8614552,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.54708776253078,
      "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1499.6856212287664,
      "importer_concentration_hhi": 1406.8577424710102,
      "volatility_score": 15.527163533273573
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": "0104",
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8258609796770844,
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      "importer_concentration_hhi": 1486.803439060239,
      "volatility_score": 3.3254686615005395
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
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      "importer_concentration_hhi": 1092.3216199893156,
      "volatility_score": 8.861004239645627
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