{
  "dataset": "Global Import-Export Concentration Risk Series (1995-2024)",
  "description": "A yearly view of country trade concentration by scope, including the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), largest-share measures, and a concentration-risk score.",
  "coverage": "1995-2024 annual observations where available",
  "rowMeaning": "one country, year, and concentration scope",
  "includes": [
    "Partner or product concentration scope",
    "HHI and top-one/top-three shares",
    "Concentration-risk score"
  ],
  "metricDefinitions": [
    "HHI summarizes concentration; higher values indicate activity is concentrated among fewer participants.",
    "Values ending in pct are percentages.",
    "Country fields ending in ISO3 use three-letter ISO 3166-1 country codes."
  ],
  "columns": [
    "year",
    "country_iso3",
    "scope",
    "hhi",
    "top1_share_pct",
    "top3_share_pct",
    "concentration_risk_score"
  ],
  "columnTypes": {
    "year": "uint16",
    "country_iso3": "string",
    "scope": "string",
    "hhi": "float64",
    "top1_share_pct": "float64",
    "top3_share_pct": "float64",
    "concentration_risk_score": "float64"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ABW",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 4654.560855989397,
      "top1_share_pct": 66.25301614990286,
      "top3_share_pct": 85.99135186803801,
      "concentration_risk_score": 60.34697949852546
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ABW",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 4600.658899221045,
      "top1_share_pct": 59.16311077193907,
      "top3_share_pct": 94.13369169191056,
      "concentration_risk_score": 59.578966066069064
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AFG",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 882.1564118506767,
      "top1_share_pct": 21.589640966489743,
      "top3_share_pct": 43.43143273109976,
      "concentration_risk_score": 19.57396089542026
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AFG",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 726.7717861422035,
      "top1_share_pct": 14.967416828636104,
      "top3_share_pct": 37.84748807478585,
      "concentration_risk_score": 15.69358159425902
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AGO",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 4373.835708929633,
      "top1_share_pct": 65.06647819299097,
      "top3_share_pct": 78.13674823642489,
      "concentration_risk_score": 57.016471649830436
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AGO",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 8974.52078449163,
      "top1_share_pct": 94.7078518844177,
      "top3_share_pct": 97.57131467259406,
      "concentration_risk_score": 92.79922242230228
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ALB",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 3214.8565794814726,
      "top1_share_pct": 53.10426852078414,
      "top3_share_pct": 78.97477930097895,
      "concentration_risk_score": 47.80051931383839
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ALB",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 488.5404319422521,
      "top1_share_pct": 18.63264617831089,
      "top3_share_pct": 29.72798226092032,
      "concentration_risk_score": 13.978092465388592
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AND",
      "scope": "partner",
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      "top1_share_pct": 39.420121823901795,
      "top3_share_pct": 87.684085084574,
      "concentration_risk_score": 44.614628617423435
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "scope": "product",
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      "top1_share_pct": 10.67621937402864,
      "top3_share_pct": 26.97519893715703,
      "concentration_risk_score": 10.324220929368561
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ARE",
      "scope": "partner",
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      "top1_share_pct": 46.229000281420326,
      "top3_share_pct": 59.78039598362146,
      "concentration_risk_score": 37.49884111611512
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "top3_share_pct": 66.4741230799656,
      "concentration_risk_score": 48.96578754429017
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    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ARG",
      "scope": "partner",
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      "top1_share_pct": 28.285046885492786,
      "top3_share_pct": 43.61224510292835,
      "concentration_risk_score": 22.400002710264644
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ARG",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 175.1051966819502,
      "top1_share_pct": 7.538509582014247,
      "top3_share_pct": 16.176120409220047,
      "concentration_risk_score": 6.372302939858035
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ARM",
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      "hhi": 1255.912063629381,
      "top1_share_pct": 23.52922771628251,
      "top3_share_pct": 50.71122620873458,
      "concentration_risk_score": 23.480573874778575
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "top3_share_pct": 18.53643665358007,
      "concentration_risk_score": 7.005670945844122
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ATG",
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      "top3_share_pct": 57.581226097212735,
      "concentration_risk_score": 26.552743781032305
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    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "ATG",
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      "hhi": 1990.3989461377193,
      "top1_share_pct": 39.1816938346614,
      "top3_share_pct": 63.880313866820416,
      "concentration_risk_score": 34.4825656544511
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 947.834836550496,
      "top1_share_pct": 25.29995230936249,
      "top3_share_pct": 40.78620915462863,
      "concentration_risk_score": 20.486401706486955
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 238.54001036713092,
      "top1_share_pct": 10.947611687424327,
      "top3_share_pct": 20.536748446061626,
      "concentration_risk_score": 8.584333247275278
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 1645.5821581026137,
      "top1_share_pct": 37.73617247344359,
      "top3_share_pct": 53.345206291586024,
      "concentration_risk_score": 30.21780379086335
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 30.355019533722718,
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      "top3_share_pct": 5.604262133757584,
      "concentration_risk_score": 2.062071449218001
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AZE",
      "scope": "partner",
      "hhi": 1038.6744331097627,
      "top1_share_pct": 21.865415910029977,
      "top3_share_pct": 45.47395139556597,
      "concentration_risk_score": 20.847787217671
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "AZE",
      "scope": "product",
      "hhi": 2105.124531060092,
      "top1_share_pct": 43.713403555637626,
      "top3_share_pct": 62.284841725858904,
      "concentration_risk_score": 36.096612067163534
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "BDI",
      "scope": "partner",
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      "top1_share_pct": 31.043631656046806,
      "top3_share_pct": 56.15854113109897,
      "concentration_risk_score": 28.240628739036243
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "BEN",
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      "top3_share_pct": 47.843435293921075,
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "concentration_risk_score": 63.95237114492733
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    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "BFA",
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      "concentration_risk_score": 38.35807338869197
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "top3_share_pct": 76.22587706832124,
      "concentration_risk_score": 55.335855751972105
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "concentration_risk_score": 9.523288674195493
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    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "BGR",
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      "top3_share_pct": 33.21184057295537,
      "concentration_risk_score": 13.160064634132034
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "BGR",
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      "hhi": 69.12217361185434,
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      "top3_share_pct": 8.302582868493545,
      "concentration_risk_score": 3.177608286834721
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "country_iso3": "BHR",
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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    {
      "year": 1995,
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      "year": 1995,
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